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''Taijin kyofusho'' (対人恐怖症 taijin kyōfushō, TKS, for ''taijin kyofusho symptoms''), is a Japanese culture-specific syndrome. The term taijin kyofusho translates into the disorder (sho) of fear (kyofu) of interpersonal relations (taijin).〔Slayor, A. (2012, July 20). Taijin Kyofusho in Japan and South Korea. Retrieved June 19, 2013 from ()〕 This culture-bound syndrome is a social phobia dealing with social anxiety. Those who have taijin kyofusho are likely to be extremely embarrassed of themselves or fearful of displeasing others when it comes to the functions of their bodies or their appearances. These bodily functions and appearances include their faces, odor, actions, or even looks. They do not want to embarrass other people with their presence. This culture-bound syndrome is based on fear and anxiety.〔Nobuo Kiriike. (2003, February 3). Open Trial Of Milnacipran For Taijin-Kyofusho In Japanese Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder. Retrieved June 17, 2013 from EBSCOhost.()〕 The symptoms of this disorder include avoiding social outings and activities, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, panic attacks, trembling, and feelings of dread and panic when around people. The causes of this disorder are mainly from emotional trauma or psychological defense mechanism.〔James, R. (2006). Culture-bound syndromes: Taijin Kyofusho. In Y. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology. (pp. 146-147). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. 〕〔http://knowledge.sagepub.com/view/multiculturalpsychology/n77.xml〕 It is more common in men than women.〔]〕 Lifetime prevalence is estimated at 3–13%. ==Subcategories of taijin kyofusho== Taijin kyofusho is commonly described as a form of social anxiety (social phobia), with the person dreading and avoiding social contact, and as a subtype of ''shinkeishitsu'' (anxiety disorder). However, instead of a fear of embarrassing themselves or being harshly judged by others because of their social ineptness, sufferers of taijin kyofusho report a fear of offending or harming other people.〔Kawai, T., Minabe, Y., ori, N., Suzuki, K., Takei, N., (2003)., Is Taijin Kyofusho a Culture-Bound Syndrome?. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=176343〕 The focus is thus on avoiding harm to others rather than to oneself. In the fifth edition of the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-5), taijin kyofusho is listed under 300.2(F42) "Other Specified Obesessive Compulsive and Related Disorders". One source even breaks taijin kyofusho into two different subtypes: neurotic and offensive. The first subtype can be broken into two parts that are classical type and avoidant type. The classical type being afraid of being judged negatively because of physical signs of anxiety and feeling shame due to anxiety. The physical signs that can cause fear of being judged include sweating and tremors. The second subtype deals with people thinking something about them is offensive. Some of their fears include body odor, gas, excessive or insufficient eye contact, blushing, etc. In the official Japanese diagnostic system, taijin kyofusho is subdivided into the following categories: * Sekimen-kyofu, the phobia of blushing (ereuthophobia) * Shubo-kyofu, the phobia of a deformed body, similar to Body dysmorphic disorder * Jikoshisen-kyofu, the phobia of eye contact * Jikoshu-kyofu, the phobia of having foul body odor (also termed olfactory reference syndrome, osmophobia or bromidrosiphobia) Japan psychology also recognizes additional types of taijin kyofusho based on severity: * Transient: This type of taijin kyofusho is short-lived and moderately severe. It most commonly appears in teens, but may occur at any time. * Delusional: This is the most common type of taijin kyofusho and is the most similar to social phobia. It is chronic, often begins before the age of 30, and varies in severity from moderate to severe. * Phobic with Schizophrenia: This is a more complicated disorder. In such cases, rather than a phobia, taijin kyofusho is a manifestation of schizophrenic symptoms.〔Fritscher,L.(2013,April 01). Taijin Kyofusho. Retrieved from www.about.com. June 21, 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taijin kyofusho」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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